- Combustion Air Preheating
- Load charge preheating
- Internal heat recycling- Cascading
Recovery of heat for plant utility supplement or auxiliary systems energy use in a plant or neighboring plants.
Can be used as retrofit for existing equipment.
Wednesday, 25 November 2015
What are all the waste heat management methods..?
What is Thermal expansion..?
When a substance is heated, its constituent particles move around more quickly and by doing so generally maintain a greater average separation.
Materials that contract with an increase in temperature are very
uncommon; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs within limited
temperature ranges. The degree of expansion divided by the change in
temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.
The term thermal expansion refers to the increase in size of an object as that object is heated. With relatively few exceptions, all objects expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. Perhaps the most important exception to this rule is water. Water contracts as it cools from its boiling point to about 39.2°F (4°C). At that point, it begins to expand as it cools further to its freezing point. This unusual effect explains the fact that ice is less dense than water.
The term thermal expansion refers to the increase in size of an object as that object is heated. With relatively few exceptions, all objects expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. Perhaps the most important exception to this rule is water. Water contracts as it cools from its boiling point to about 39.2°F (4°C). At that point, it begins to expand as it cools further to its freezing point. This unusual effect explains the fact that ice is less dense than water.
Monday, 23 November 2015
Principles of boiler..?
Boilers type
- Haycock and wagon top boilers
- Cylindrical fire-tube boiler
- Multi-tube boilers
A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water. Although the definitions are somewhat flexible, it can be said that older steam generators were commonly termed boilers and worked at low to medium pressure (1–300 psi or 6.895–2,068.427 kPa) but, at pressures above this, it is more usual to speak of a steam generator.
What is radiator..?
Radiators are used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engined aircraft, railway locomotives,motorcycles, stationary generating plants and other places where such engines are used.
The radiator is always a source of heat to its environment, although this may be for either the purpose of heating this environment, or for cooling the fluid or coolant supplied to it, as for engine cooling.
The radiator is always a source of heat to its environment, although this may be for either the purpose of heating this environment, or for cooling the fluid or coolant supplied to it, as for engine cooling.
What is brush electroplating..?
Electroplating
A closely related process is brush electroplating, in which localized areas or entire items are plated using a brush saturated with plating solution. The brush, typically a stainless steel body wrapped with a cloth material that both holds the plating solution and prevents direct contact with the item being plated, is connected to the positive side of a low voltage direct-current power source, and the item to be plated connected to the negative. The operator dips the brush in plating solution then applies it to the item, moving the brush continually to get an even distribution of the plating material. Brush electroplating has several advantages over tank plating, including portability, ability to plate items that for some reason cannot be tank plated (one application was the plating of portions of very large decorative support columns in a building restoration), low or no masking requirements, and comparatively low plating solution volume requirements. Disadvantages compared to tank plating can include greater operator involvement (tank plating can frequently be done with minimal attention), and inability to achieve as great a plate thickness.
What is electroplating..?
Electrochemical deposition
Electrochemical deposition is generally used for the growth of metals and conducting metal oxides because of the following advantages: (i) the thickness and morphology of the nano-structure can be precisely controlled by adjusting the electrochemical parameters, (ii) relatively uniform and compact deposits can be synthesized in template-based structures, (iii) higher deposition rates are obtained, and (iv) the equipment is inexpensive due to the non-requirements of either a high vacuum or a high reaction temperature.
Sunday, 22 November 2015
What is solar Air-Conditioning..?
Need of solar system
The demand for air-conditioning has been increasing through the last decade due to improved comfort and occurring higher temperatures. And with the higher demand come several problems: the extensive use of electrically driven cooling is leading to capacity straining power demand peaks in the summer and increase of green house emissions – either through leakage of cooling fluids or use of non-sustainable energy.
for more details click here
Functions of thermo-electric solar air conditioner....?
In the recent years, we
all are facing electricity crisis. It’s time to harness the renewable energy
resources of the nature.
The TEM operating principle is based on the
Peltier effect. The Peltier effect is a temperature difference created by
applying a voltage between two electrodes connected to a sample of
semiconductor material. One of the TEM sides is cooling and the other side is
heating. When a TE module is used, you must support heat rejection from its hot
side. If the temperature on the hot side is like the ambient temperature, then
we can get the temperature on the cold side that is lower (tens of Kelvin
degrees). The degree of the cooling is depended from the current value that is
leaking through a thermoelectric module. In a thermo-electric heat exchanger
the electrons acts as the heat carrier. The heat pumping action is therefore
function of the quantity of electrons crossing over the p-n junction.
Saturday, 21 November 2015
Purpose of heat ex-changer..?
Heat dissipation
The medium which helps to transfer heat to specified places. There are lots of methods to transfer heat form one end to another end but heat ex-changers are playing main role in industries.
What is heat and mass transfer..?
Creating the energy seems hard because as we know the first law of thermodynamic states that energy cannot be created either destroyed.
As we know energy can be transformed from on form to another. The basics of heat transfer could be achieved by following methods,
As we know energy can be transformed from on form to another. The basics of heat transfer could be achieved by following methods,
Objectives of thermal engineering..?
Thermal energy is like a mother to mechanical. The first best abiding invention in thermal was heat engine.
A heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy to mechanical energy, which can be used to do mechanical work. It does this by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature to a lower state temperature.
Heat engine can be run by heat but it do can run by sound which is called Thermoacoustic Engine
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